Process of hardening and solidifying oils and unsaturated organic compounds.



, solidifying materials.

1 found suflicient to thicken them. Thus linseed-oil, for instance, will by this addition 1 and by a subsequent treatment by heat with paratively short period be converted into a To all whom it may concern.

chemist and doctor of philosophy, a subject January 25, 1900, Serial No. 2,794, I have .fication of oils and of a great number of un- -ing effect considerably increased by the addi- PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAHAM KRONSTEIN, OF KARLSRUHE, GERMANY.

PROCESS OF HARDENING AND SOLIDIFYING OILS AND UNSATURATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 24, 1906.

Application filed Aug s so, 1900. Serial No. 28,584.

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM KRONSTEIN,

of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany, have invented a certain new and useful Process of Hardening and Solidifying Oils and Unsaturated Organic Compounds, of which the following is a specification.

In my application for Letters Patent filed shown that it is possible to obtain the solidisaturated organic compounds by subjecting them to a heating process with exclusion of oxidation and decomposition. I have now found that this partial or complete solidification of drying-oils and unsaturated organic compounds, which is due to polymerization, can be greatly accelerated and the thickention to the material under treatment of such unsaturated organic compounds of a constitution similar to drying oils as when sub jected alone to the polymerization process will readily solidify. Of such substances I may mention the oil obtained from the her ries of the tree aleurvl tes cordata or Eleococca vernicia and commonly known as wood-oil, the allyl ester of cinn a rnicacid, thejiallyl ester 0 'jrliilijfiidl'aqid, which by measures fofns'dlid, sometimes elastic, bodies in consequence of the heating with the exclusion of air and without decomposition. If these sub stances or their equivalents are mixed with other substances which by themselves are not capable of yielding solid materials, they will effect the solidification of the same if used in a certain proportion of more than forty per cent. of the mixture, while if used in amounts of less than forty percent. they seem to lose their solidifying properties and only shorten the thickeningperiod 0f the non- An admixture of but one per cent. of such solidifying substances to those not possessing this quality has been exclusion of air and decomposition for a comsubstitute for those choice brands of linseedoil which were heretofore obtained bylong exposure to the action of air and sunlight for a period of several years and which are sometimes known as stand-oil in the trade. It

is obvious that by my invention I am enabled to effect a great economy, both in cost of plant and capital as well as machinery, in the preparation ofv this particular oil. My process shows the further advantage that in view of the use of certain quantities of the ingredients and of a certain determined way of procedure I am enabled to arrive at a product of always identical qualities. Such mixtures of non-solidifying oils with less than forty per cent. wood-oil or with less than forty per cent. of other solidifying-oils will remain liquid even on prolonged heating. On the other hand, if the addition of such substances is increased beyond forty per cent. the otherwise non-solidifying oils will readily coagulate if heated below their point of decomposition and with the exclusion of oxidation. If the solid products thus obtained are heated by themselves to a temperature of about 330 centigrade, (57 2 Fahrenheit,) they melt and form an oil of high viscosity which is highly soluble in benzol, light oil of camphor, oil of turpentine, and the like and which when cool only solidifies when exposed to the oxidizing action of air and the viscosity of which may be further increased by distilling off about five per cent. of the abovementioned heated mixture. This viscid oil ..is highly suitable for the manufacture of choice japans, varnishes, cements of linoleum, and the like.

Emamp Zes.

First. Twenty pounds of linseed-oil mixed with four pounds wood-oil, for instance, are kept in a closed vesse at a temperature of, say,200 centigrade for about twelve hours. When cool, the product is a perfect substitute for the so-called stand-oil of commerce produced by long keeping of linseed-oil.

Second. A solution of twenty pounds styracine in twenty pounds allyl ester of cinnamic acid are kept at about 170 centigrade in a closed'enameled vessel. After from six to eight hours the product shows the properties of the balsams of nature and particularly re- 'sembles balsam peru. On prolon ed heating this substance forms an amber-1i e resinous body.

Third. Twenty pounds of linseed oil mixed with twenty pounds of wood-oil on being treated in the same manner yield a hard elastic resin. If now the temperature is raised to 300 centigrade, the solid body liquefi'es to an oil of high viscosity which becomes solid on cooling only on exposure to air. The same oil, but of increased viscosity, may be obtained by heating the aforesaid mixture in a still until about five per cent. have distilled over.

Fourth. A mixture of twenty pounds cotton-seed oil and twenty pounds wood-oil is subjected to the same treatment and yields an elastic solid body.

I am aware that it is old to thicken linseed and cotton oil, respectively, by the addition of an excess of wood-oil and then to add a suitable reducer, and I wish to make no claims specifically to such mixtures, which are distinguished from my invention because a reducer is indispensable if it be desired to keep the mixture always in a liquid state. invention I am enabled to use any solidifying unsaturated organic compound similar to drying-oils other than wood-oil and in any proportions whatsoever, so as to obtain various grades of consistency from liquid to solid without the use of a reducing agent and without fear of overstepping the desired degree of consistency and also to vary the time required for solidification.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. The process herein described of increasing the consistency of drying-oils and unsaturated organic compounds, which consists in admixing them with wood-oil, heating the mixture with the exclusion of oxidation and decomposition until solidification takes place, and then raising the heat of the mixture to about 300 centigrade.

2. The process herein described of hastening and improving or assisting the thickening efiects ofthe non-oxidizing action of heat upon vegetable and artificial unsaturated ester-like oily products, which consists in mixing readily-solidifying substances of this class in any state of solidification with substances of the same class diflicult of thickening and "solidification, then submitting said mixtures to a non-oxidizing heating process at a temper- In my 3. The process herein described of hastening and improving or assisting the thickening effects of the non-oxidizing action of heat upon vegetable and artificial unsaturated ester-like oily products, which consists in mixing readily-solidifying substances of this class in any state of solidification with sub stances of the same class incapable of thickening and solidification, then submitting said mixture to a non-oxidizing heating process at a temperature of about 170 to about 250 Centigrade until solidification sets in during the heating process itself.

4. The process herein described of producing solid insoluble bodies from fluid organic oil-like unsaturated, ester-like substances, not solidifiable byheat, which consists in adding to such substances an excess of fluid substances of the same class solidifiable by heat and heating the mixture and continuing the heating until the entire mass has solidified and then cooling the mixture.

5. The process herein described of solidifying linseed-oil, which consists in mixing linseed-oil with an excess of wood-oil or tungoil, heating the mixture and continuing the heating until the mixture has solidified and then cooling the product.

6. The mixture herein described consisting of oils not solidifying by heat and oils solidifying while heating, said oils being heated until solidification takes place. I

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ABRAHAM KRONSTEIN.

Witnesses:

O. B. I-IURsT, ALvEsTo S. HoeUE. 

